Figure 1 from Protective role of Arapaima gigas fish scales: structure and mechanical behavior.
Fig. 1. Arapaima fish and its scales: (a) arapaima fish with overlapped scales on its body; (b) close-up of the overlapped scales (darker regions were exposed, lighter regions were covered by other scales) showing longitudinal and transverse directions of specimens for tensile tests; (c) scanning electron micrograph of the cross-section of a scale (note that the small cracks in the collagen layer are artifacts, formed when the scales dried out in vacuo; (d) schematic drawing of the structure of the arapaima’s scale: the outer layer is highly mineralized, whereas the inner layer has different orientations of collagen fibrils arranged in lamellae; (e) tensile failure region of the lamellae: a1 = 86.7 , a2 = 34.5 , a3 = 69.2 , a4 = 66.9 . The yellow ellipse in (e) shows two events where lamellae separate leading to changes in the angle. - "Protective role of Arapaima gigas fish scales: structure and mechanical behavior."
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